| Reference Source | Reference Type | Archival Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gatschet, A.S. 1904 | Use - Medicinal | "näpíkakwí red willow, grows 5-6', bark is red, used for tea; good for bloody flux for men and women; this blue flux killed many people after 4-5 days sickness. Nepikaxkítingi is the name of the blue flux. Grey flux pretty bad too, killed some people. Mälitikwakítingi grey flux - red willow good against it too". |
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| Dunn, J.P. ca. 1900 | Use - Customs | The inner bark is used for tobacco mixture. "näpĭkakkĭ, red willow inner bark used for killinkinnick". |
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| Dunn, J.P. ca. 1900 | Related Info | "nä’hpikáxkwi red willow, a bush or growth called so from the color of the bark, kaxkwi, about 5-7 feet high". |
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| Dunn, J.P. 1919 | Related Info | "The dried bark of the [red] osier willow scraped fine". |
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| Dunn, J.P. ca. 1900 | Use - Customs | The inner bark is used for killikinnick [composed of both tobacco and dogwood]. |
| Reference Source | Reference Type | Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gleason, H.A. and Cronquist, A. 1991 | Habitat | Found along streambanks and in moist woods in eastern Myaamia lands as well as Kansas. |
| Reference Source | Reference Type | Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bush, L. L 1996 | Charred remains of a Cornus sp. found at a Myaamia Village site (Fort Wayne), 1795-1812 (Ehler Site). |