| Reference Source | Reference Type | Archival Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dunn, J.P. ca. 1900 | Use - Material/Technology |
Used in making canoes, and tables for drying corn, berries, and fruit. "If they wanted canoes lighter than dug-outs, they made them of the bark of the water-elm or hickory, the pig-nut hickory being considered best. They cut down a tree, peeled off the bark with flat sticks. In the spring, when the trees were beginning to leave, the bark came off easily, and at other times they had to pound it to loosen it. This kind also used for tables for drying corn, berries, fruits, etc. Laid poles placed on forked sticks. Also used for sugar troughs--bend ends up and fasten them. When through would soak and straighten them out and lay them up like shingles when dry to use next year. Would serve for several years. Also made boxes of it". |
| Reference Source | Reference Type | Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gleason, H.A. and Cronquist, A. 1991 | Habitat | Occurs in swamps and low, wet woodlands of western and the southernmost portions of eastern Myaamia lands, also covering the coastal plain north to southern Illinois and portions of southeastern Oklahoma. |
| Reference Source | Reference Type | Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dunn, J.P. ca. 1900 | "pakkokwaninji sipiomakwi", water elm |
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| Burns, N.L. 1938 | The Peoria of Oklahoma cut up the tender shoots of hackberry, elm and poplar for cattle fodder. |