| Reference Source | Reference Type | Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gleason, H.A. and Cronquist, A. 1991 | Habitat | Many species occurring in a variety of habitats throughout eastern and western Myaamia lands; many introduced species growing as weeds. |
| Reference Source | Reference Type | Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bush, L. L 1996 | Fresh knotweed/smartweed material was recovered from an early 19th century Myaamia village site at the forks of the Wabash River (Fort Wayne), 1795-1812 (Ehler Site). |
||
| The Associated Press 2003 , April 22 | Seeds made into flour for pancakes, found at an archaeological site ("Ancient Village Located in Illinois", Damiansville, 35 miles east of St. Louis). The village dates from 600-800 A.D. ruling out the common exotic, Polygonum cuspidatum, Japanese knotweed, which is an edible whose shoots are eaten much as common milkweed but introduced much later.
|
||
| Bush L. L. 2003 | Archaeological studies have demonstrated that knotweed was either cultivated or "strongly encouraged in wild stands" as a food resource by Late Woodland (prior to 700 A.D through 1300 A.D.) indigenous peoples of central and southern Indiana. |