| Reference Source | Reference Type | Archival Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Costa, D. 2022 | Related Info | mahkwa wiiloomiši literally means "bear food tree" |
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| Gatschet, A.S. ca. 1895 | Description | "Badgers willow is m'kwa wilominzhi bears food (wilo) = bush; English wild cherry" |
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| Gatschet, A.S. ca. 1895 | Use - Technology | "äshakani grist mill hollow tree or wood for pounding hominy. The hole was burnt out by coals of fire, gradually going further down, ashwood, sassafras were used for its purpose, and wild cherry. An Ottaway man on Spring River [NE OK] makes them now - he is called jábuk. The handle to pound with has to be made of dogwood or ironwood." |
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| Rafert, S. 1992 | Use - Medicinal | The bark was used as a tonic and cough syrup. |
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| Kinietz, W.V. 1965 | Use - Medicinal | The bark of the root chewed and held a long time on the gums to cure an infection. "Also, the bark of the root of the cherry tree chewed and held for a long time on the gums cures the falling sickness" ("Item l'ecorce de la racine de Cerisier maches et tenue longtems sur la Gencive guerit du mal de Terre"). |
The author is describing tribal customs from the upper Midwest, probably including some of the Miami-Illlinois tribal groups. – Michael Gonella |
| Anonymous 1724 | Use - Medicinal | The bark is crushed or chewed and used to treat wounds: "De l'ecois de merisier a grappe, machee ou pilee pour les playes". |
The author is describing tribal customs from the upper Midwest, probably including some of the Miami-Illlinois tribal groups. – Michael Gonella |
| Gonella, M.P 2003-2006 | Use - Medicinal | The fruit is eaten as a laxative. |
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| Olds, J., Olds, D. and D. Tippman 1999 | Use - Medicinal | The inner bark from the west side of tree boiled and made into tea for cough syrup. |
Info from an additional interview with Mildred Walker in 2004 also used. – Michael Gonella |
| Walker, M. 2004 , June 2 | Use - Medicinal | Tea is made by boiling "spicnert", horehound, comfrey, cherry bark and "alicompain". |
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| Peoria, Eastern Shawnee, Wyandotte, Seneca-Cayuga, Miami and Ottawa Tribes 2003 | Use - Medicinal | Leaves are used by the Myaamia |
| Reference Source | Reference Type | Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gleason, H.A. and Cronquist, A. 1991 | Habitat | Occurs in woods, roadsides, streams banks, and forest edges in eastern and western Myaamia lands. |
| Reference Source | Reference Type | Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coulter, S. 1932 | The dried stem bark collected in autumn is used in small doses (2 gm) acts as an astringent, tonic and sedative, and is used in cough syrups. Prussic acid is present in the bark, but normally in too small amounts to give the sedative effects. |
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| Bush, L. L 1996 | Human-charred Prunus sp. material recovered from excavations at an early 19th century Myaamia village site. |
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| Gonella, M.P 2003-2006 | The Myaamia terms neehpikicaahkwa and katoohwakimišaahkwi may refer to any of the other native cherry species in the Prunus genus including choke-cherry (Prunus virginiana), sand-cherry (Prunus pumila), and wild red cherry (Prunus pensylvanica), but Prunus serotina was the most common of these species described in the three main regional floras (Coulter 1899, Small 1903, and Steyermark 1963) which include distributional maps of Missouri counties and eastern Miami territories. |
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| Gleason, H.A. and Cronquist, A. 1991 | It is unclear whether the Myaamia word mahkwa wiiloomiši indicates a native cherry or cultivated cherry or both. There are four edible native cherries: (1) P. serotina, wild black cherry, has 1cm thick black fruits and is abundant on roadsides throughout eastern Myaamia lands; (2) P. virginiana, choke-cherry, has 8-10cm thick black fruits and occurs in a variety of habitats; (3) P. pumila, sand-cherry, has 1-1.5cm thick black fruits; and (4) P. pensylvanica, pin-cherry, has 6mm thick red fruits. There are five introduced cherries: (1) P. padus, European bird-cherry, which has 6-8mm thick black, inedible fruits, (2) P. mahaleb, Mahaleb-cherry, with 6mm thick dark red to black, bitter fruits; (3) P. avium, sweet-cherry, with 1.5-2.5cm thick fruit; (4) P. cerasus, sour cherry or pie-cherry, with 1.5-2cm thick tart, red fruit; and (5) P. fruticosa, ground-cherry, with 1cm thick, dark red fruits. All five introduced cherries occur in a variety of habitats in cultivation or as escapes within eastern and western Myaamia lands. |
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| Kerr, J. 1835 | "mυgalomere, cherry tree" and "nυpekecυqυ, cherry tree" |
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| Anonymous 1837 | Wild cherry is mentioned. |
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| Dunn, J.P. 1908 | "neehpikicaahkwa" cherry tree |
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| Steyermark, J.A. 1963 | The wood is reddish-brown and resembles mahoghany, and is used for furniture, tool handles, and musical instruments. The bark is bitter and aromatic and is used for its astringent properties in cough medicines, expectorants and sore throats. The fruit is edible. |
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| Clark, J.E 1993 | The Shawnee collected this plant. |