| Reference Source | Reference Type | Archival Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gardner, P.S. 1997 | Horticultural Info |
Oak and hickory nuts are available in the fall, and have irregular peaks in production (mast), separated by a range of 1-4 years. Because masts are irregular, but fairly consistent in this irregularity, harvesters could plan to take advantage of peak masts. The largest masts occur when tree crowns are exposed to maximum sun--Native Americans could also have easily thinned trees to increase size and production of remaining trees. |
|
| Costa, D. 2005 | Related Info |
"8a8iping8kat8i", white oak |
|
| Lamb, E.W., Shultz, L.W. 1964 | Use - Medicinal |
"For burns, the remedy was bark from the white oak (Quercus alba) which had been soaked in water. This would be tannic acid and is actually our accepted remedy for burns. We buy tannic acid in powder form from drug stores or get it directly from doctors". |
|
| Lamb, E.W., Shultz, L.W. 1964 | Use - Medicinal |
The bark was soaked in water then used on burns. |
|
| Dunn, J.P. ca. 1900 | Related Info |
"wawapingakatwi, white oak tree" |
|
| Gatschet, A.S. ca. 1895 | Related Info |
"wewipingwakki, white oak", weepinkwaahki |
|
| Bush, L. L 1996 | Use - Material |
Human-charred white oak timbers, used in construction, were recovered from an early 19th century Miami village site at the forks of the Wabash River. |
|
| Anonymous 1724 | Use - Medicinal |
"The bark or the root of the white oak boiled for wounds. The leaf of the same wood is also perfectly good" ("De l'ecorce ou de la Racine de Chesne blanc bouilly pour les playes ce feuille du meme bois est aussy parfaitement bonne"). |
The author is describing tribal customs from the upper Midwest, probably including some of the Miami-Illlinois tribal groups. – Michael Gonella |
| Trowbridge, C. 1824-5 | Related Info |
"waupingwauhkautaa, white oak" |
|
| Trowbridge, C. 1824-5 | Related Info |
"kaaoohkungk nonee weepingwauhkart, it has blown down that white oak" |
| Reference Source | Reference Type | Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gleason, H.A. and Cronquist, A. 1991 | Habitat | Occurs in upland woods. |
| Reference Source | Reference Type | Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thwaites, R.G. (ed.) 1903 | "The Oak is so good, that I believe it exceeds ours for building Ships." |
This record probably referred to the fact that the oaks encountered by the Europeans in North America in the 1600-1700s were much larger than those of Europe (Gonella field note: personal communication with George Ironstrack, 2006). – Michael Gonella | |
| Gatschet, A.S. ca. 1895 | The Miami-Illinois term for the nut of an acorn, is alakaya. |