| Reference Source | Reference Type | Archival Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dunn, J.P. ca. 1900 | No Reference Specified | The Miami terms "makĭñgwämĭna" and "makĭñgwäminikĭ" (plural form) are the words for blackberry. |
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| Dunn, J.P. ca. 1900 | No Reference Specified | "makĭñgwämĭna, blackberry" |
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| Lamb, E.W., Shultz, L.W. 1964 | No Reference Specified | "The Indian remedy for asthma was a mixture of raspberry and blackberry juice in which leaves from the hoarhound and spearmint had been boiled". |
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| Gravier, J. ca. 1700 | No Reference Specified | "making8eminiki, meure de haye", blackberry |
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| Aatotankiki myaamiaki 1998-2006 | No Reference Specified | Barbara Mullin's recipe, used by Senecas and Quapaws and possibly other tribes local to the Miami, Oklahoma area, used blackberries or blueberries and cornmeal to make a traditional, southern style cornbread. |
|
| Rafert, S. 1989 | No Reference Specified | Fruits eaten. |
|
| Tulsa World Newspaper 2003 | No Reference Specified | Due to lead, cadmium and zinc contamination in the Tar Creek Superfund Site's watershed, around Miami, Oklahoma and the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma's headquarters, Miami and other local tribal members worry that traditional gathering of food, medicine and other items may be contaminated. Fish, wild blackberries, sassafras, pokeweed, basket-making supplies and wild onions could have high concentrations of lead, as do the waters of nearby lakes, and it is not always successful keeping tribal members out of these areas. The Seneca-Cayuga's berry dance could not be held, if all the wild blackberries and strawberries in the area are found to be contaminated. |
|
| Gonella, M.P 2003-2006 | No Reference Specified | Used for jelly by Peggy's grandmother Geboe. |
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| Olds, J., Olds, D. and D. Tippman 1999 | No Reference Specified | The root was used to treat diarrhea. |
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| Gonella, M.P 2003-2006 | No Reference Specified | Gathered early in the morning. |
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| Tippman, D. 1999 | No Reference Specified | Wild blackberries picked. |
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| Gatschet, A.S. ca. 1895 | No Reference Specified | In the traditional story of Young Thunder William Pecongah, he describes the crops he had growing on his land 160 acres of reserve in central Indiana. "There I planted corn, wheat, potatoes, peas, tobacco, beans, apple trees, pumpkins, watermelons, cucumbers, onions, hay, straw, gooseberries, raspberries, blackberries, currants, turnips, tomatoes, pawpaws, cherries, strawberries, plums, blackhaws, peaches, walnut trees, pecans, hickory nuts, barley and rye". |
|
| Anonymous 1837 | No Reference Specified | Blackberries mentioned. |
|
| Kerr, J. 1835 | No Reference Specified | "mekexuemeneke, blackberries" |
| Reference Source | Reference Type | Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gleason, H.A. and Cronquist, A. 1991 | Habitat | Occurs on mostly in disturbed areas throughout eastern Myaamia lands, with closely related or hybrids occuring in western Myaamia lands. |
| Reference Source | Reference Type | Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gonella, M.P 2003-2006 | Rubus taxonomy is complex, confused by hybridization, polyploidy and asexual reproduction, and the group of blackberry species is even less clear. According to Coulter (1899), Small (1903), Steyermark (1963), and Gleason and Cronquist (1991). It is reasonable to assume that the Myaamia word for blackberry referred to either R. allegheniensis, which was and is very common, or one of less common species including R. orarius, R. argustus, R. canadensis, R. pensilvanicus or R. setosus, or all these Rubus species. |
||
| Clark, J.E 1993 | Shawnee collected this plant |
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| Bush L. L. 2003 | Archaeological studies have demonstrated that blackberries were utilized as a food resource by Late Woodland (800 A.D to 1450 A.D.) indigenous peoples of central and southern Indiana. |