| Reference Source | Reference Type | Archival Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gatschet, A.S. ca. 1895 | Related Info | "papíkwezé, papikwäⁿze, elder-tree, probably Sambucus glauca. SW [Sarah Wadsworth] thinks the pit in it named the tree papikwanshi--wanshi is pith or marrow". |
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| Olds, J., Olds, D. and D. Tippman 1999 | Use - Food | Berries are gathered and made into juice. |
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| Gonella, M.P 2003-2006 | Use - Food | Berries made into jelly, flower buds and heads can be deep fried and eaten. |
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| Strack, M. 2004 , February 27 | Use - Technology | The stem is hollowed out and used as a tap for maple sugaring. |
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| Tippman, D. 1999 | Use - Food | Berries are gathered for making into preserves, sometimes mixed with something else to make more tart. |
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| Tippman, D. 1999 | Use - Material | Stems are hollowed out using a willow branch, then a whittled down hickory stick placed inside along with a paper wad to make a pop-gun. |
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| Gonella, M.P 2003-2006 | Use - Food | Wild elderberries were picked and eaten when George's was a child. His, mother, Thelma Louise Baker of the Eagle Band, made elderberry wine and jelly. |
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| Dunn, J.P. ca. 1900 | Related Info | wĭkŭlŭmpsa or wĭ‑cŭl‑lumps "elder bush" |
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| Bush, L. L 1996 | Use - Food | Human charred remains of Sambucus sp. recovered from excavation site at early Myaamia Village at the forks of the Wabash River (Ft. Wayne), 1795-1812 (Ehler Site). |
| Reference Source | Reference Type | Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gleason, H.A. and Cronquist, A. 1991 | Habitat | Sambucus canadensis occurs in moist or rich woods, fields, and roadsides in eastern and western Myaamia lands, and is the most common of native elderberries. S. racemosa occurs in rich woods in only eastern Myaamia lands (and western U.S.), but could also potentially be included in this record. |
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| Dunn, J.P. ca. 1900 | Related Info | Dunn said that kĭkalósa was the Oklahoma Miami term for ‘elder bush’ |
| Reference Source | Reference Type | Data | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coulter, S. 1932 | Flowers of Sambucus canadensis or S. nigra contain volatile oils, resins and other compounds that when given in small doses 4 gm act as a diaphoretic, diuretic, and stimulant, and are used to treat erysipelas, and fevers. |
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| Largillier, J. 1644-1714 | "8ippichar8i, "of the elderberry" |